12.1 General list of core terms for photovoltaics, electricity prices, taxation, and grid connection
12.1 General list of core terms for photovoltaics, electricity prices, taxation, and grid connection
One of the most common distortions is the different ways of saying different parts of the same word. Sales say "recover the cost", finance says "payback period", engineering says "self-use", and customers understand it as "no electricity bill". Therefore, the appendix must provide a unified glossary to avoid caliber drift within the organization.
The most critical terms for your current business should at least include vocabulary related to photovoltaic technology, electricity price structure, grid connection process, tax caliber, financing and EaaS/EMC. The glossary is not meant to appear professional, but to allow newcomers and people across departments to speak the same language.
| the term | Chinese explanation | Training reminder |
|---|---|---|
| Ft | Fuel adjustment fee/automatic price adjustment item | It is not the basic electricity price, it is adjusted periodically. |
| TOU | time-of-use electricity price | Focus on Peak/Off-Peak and load coincidence |
| Self-consumption | Spontaneous use | The number one variable that truly determines the value of a roofing project |
| Demand Charge | demand charge | Small commercial/industrial and commercial cannot just look at kWh |
| Zero Export | Zero loopback control | It’s not just a verbal commitment, there must be control logic and documentation |
| SCOD/COD | Planned Commercial Operation Day/Commercial Operation Day | Grid connection projects must take time limits seriously |
| VAT | VAT | Affects quotation, invoicing, and cash flow |
| CIT | corporate income tax | Discussion on taxation affecting profit caliber and project investment |
| M&V | Measurement and Verification | EMC/ESCO projects must be explained clearly |
| RACI | Responsibility Assignment Matrix | A task can only have one final decision-maker |
12.2 Summary of formulas: Let newcomers be able to calculate at least the first version of the answer
12.2 Summary of formulas: Let newcomers be able to calculate at least the first version of the answer
It’s not that most newcomers can’t learn, but they don’t have a reusable formula framework in their minds. The greatest value of listing commonly used formulas together is not to allow everyone to calculate to two decimal places, but to give everyone a structured answer instead of patting their heads.
This table only contains the most commonly used one-level formulas, which are suitable for preliminary screening and quick judgment, and do not replace subsequent actuarial models.
| scene | formula | use |
|---|---|---|
| annual savings | Annual savings = self-consumption of electricity × marginal electricity purchase price + delivered electricity × unit price of online settlement | The first level of income judgment |
| static payback period | Static payback period = total investment ÷ annual savings | Quickly determine project feasibility |
| Price before tax | Price before tax = Total cost before tax ÷ (1 - Target gross profit margin) | Standard quote structure |
| Price including tax | Quotation including tax = Quotation before tax × (1 + VAT) | Customer final quotation display |
| Weighted days for payment | ∑ (proportion of payment amount × number of days for payment) | Cash flow pressure judgment |
| safety stock | Average daily consumption × replenishment cycle + risk buffer | Inventory hierarchical management |
| string length check | N × Voc(Tmin) < Max DC Voltage; N × Vmp(Thot) in the MPPT interval | Inverter and component matching |
| Demand judgment | Look at the 15-minute maximum average demand | Schedule 2/3 classification and demand fee logic |
12.3 List of four packages of project information, think by folder rather than by person
12.3 List of four packages of project information, think by folder rather than by person
The most common problem with project data is not that it is completely absent, but that it is scattered. Some people put contracts in chats, some people leave photos on their phones, and some people put single-line diagrams on their computer desktops. Data management that can truly support delivery, taxation, after-sales and financing must be organized according to file package thinking, rather than stored according to personal habits.
It is recommended to standardize into four packages: contract and collection package, design and construction package, grid connection and testing package, operation and maintenance and after-sales package. As long as each project is documented in the same way, the company will save a lot of effort in subsequent training, spot checks, and due diligence.
- Contract and collection package: contract, quotation, authorization letter, payment voucher, invoice/e-Tax Invoice.
- Design and construction package: survey photos, single-line diagrams, layout drawings, materials list, equipment serial numbers, key node images.
- Grid connection and test package: connection application form, access form, engineer certificate, inverter test report, inspection record, grid connection status.
- Operation and maintenance and after-sales package: monitoring accounts, operating instructions, warranty terms, work order records, return visit records, and performance deviation records.
12.4 Principles for using external sources: What can be written directly and what must be written in boundaries
12.4 Principles for using external sources: What can be written directly and what must be written in boundaries
Publicly available sources have been cited extensively throughout this manual, but not all sources are given equal weight. In order to prevent the "media summary" from being described as an "official conclusion" in the future, the source level must be clearly stated in the appendix.
The most stable ones are official regulations, official agency pages, official PDFs and standard entries; the second level is international organizations and semi-official associations; the third level is interpretation by law firms, consulting agencies and media. When actually quoting, the first and second levels should be used first, and the third level is used for supplementary explanations and not for drawing separate conclusions.
| source hierarchy | example | Quote rules |
|---|---|---|
| Level 1: Official | RD, PEA, MEA, BOT, SSO, ERC, regulations PDF | can be used as the main basis |
| Level 2: International/Industry Organizations | OECD、IEA-PVPS、Thai ESCO Association | Can be used to explain frameworks and trends |
| Level 3: Professional Interpretation | Law firms, consulting, media, industry articles | It is used as a supplement and does not make a final conclusion alone. |